Press Reports Relative to February 19, 1935 Concert

On February 10, 1935, the Knickerbocker Press carried a lengthy article entitled "People’s Symphony Revives Music as Art, Carabella Says." This article related the history of the symphony from its founding and it also reflected the conductor’s high aspirations: "Prof. Carabella, widely known leader and composer conceived the symphony orchestra idea in 1931. All alone, he started this Herculean task with the sole aim of providing Albanians with the opportunity to know of the Divine art and help restore it to the alter of respect which it deserves. It is art, he believes, that inculcates the culture required of great men and great nations." Maestro Carabella concludes: " I feel that this great artistic project of ours will succeed. Having survived the apparently hopelessness of its infancy, there is no obstacle left which the orchestra cannot overcome."

On Sunday, February 17, The Knickerbocker Press announced the program: "Irene Gedney to Play Lizst Concerto with Orchestra, Conducted by Carabella. Dvorak’s Symphony ‘From the New World,’ to Be Performed….It is the orchestra’s second public appearance of the current season after particularly distinguishing itself as its performance several weeks ago. It also marks the organization’s first appearance with a pianist, a feat to try the mettle and conductorial skill of Professor Carabella." Ms. Gedney had recently played the Liszt with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Eugene Goosens.

The February 20, 1935 edition of the Times Union reviewed the concert with a declaration: "New Triumph for Albany Orchestra….The Albany People’s Symphony Orchestra arrived at its musical majority last night in Chancellors’ Hall as the concluding bars of Franz Liszt’s Piano Concerto in A Major, No. 2, with Miss Irene Gedney as guest soloist brought thunderous applause from a filled hall. Miss Gedney, whose playing was masterly, was forced to return to the center of the stage five times, while Prof. John F. Carabella, refusing in deference to his guest to acknowledge his part in the triumph, led the applause for her.

‘If any doubts lingered as to the orchestra’s own triumph, they were dissipated by the finesse with which the delightful ballet music from the Gluck-Mottl operas were conducted and played. Here the astonishing improvement in the reed sections was notable; bassoons, clarinets, oboes and flutes in exquisite harmony…."

Professor Carabella decided not to comment but instead to let the newspaper items describe "the continuation of this orchestra’s troubles and triumphs."

Following the concert, the Knickerbocker Press reported on May 25, 1935: "Albany Symphony Scores Triumph—Musical Achievement is Hailed by Large Audience." The review, by William H. Haskell, found "the orchestra’s best achievements in the rendition of the ‘Unfinished Symphony’ and its treatment of the Bach hymn. There is a fine violin section that has realized considerable smoothness, but the brasses last night were inclined to argue the musical ‘right of way’ with the strings, to the latter’s disadvantage….{Carabella’s) direction of the orchestra is virile, authoritative and dramatic…."
 

The Albany Symphony Orchestra Named—August 7, 1935

On August 7, 1935, the People’s Symphony Orchestra officially became the Albany Symphony Orchestra. This historic event occurred at an Executive Board Meeting held at the Institute of History and Art. Reflecting the orchestra’s recent successes, the Board’s decision to change name was described in the press as "in line with orchestras in Boston, Cleveland, Detroit and Minneapolis."

The November concert was described by the Times Union on July 21, 1935 as "one of the most supporting backgrounds for the celebration of the 250^th anniversary of the Dongan Charter" that created the city of Albany.

To commemorate the anniversary Maestro Carabella was at that time at work on his tone poem Albany, initially collaborating with Carlton Burke, an authority on Indian music, who furnished the Indian themes honoring Albany’s earliest settlers. The orchestra was scheduled to present the work at its Spring concert and the press was eagerly reporting on the project. Mr. Burke was described by the Knickerbocker Press on August 25, 1935, as "one of the few living authorities on native music of the American aborigines." Mr. Burke declared that Professor Carabella "is giving classical significance to the Dawn Song and the Corn Song, two of the most beautiful Iroquoian melodies…."

As described by the Knickerbocker Press on Sunday, June 23, 1935, Professor Carabella "plans to devote each of the suggested symphonic work’s movements to successive eras in Albany’s history. After the Indian will come the Dutch, English and finally the modern American of the melting pot. Along the way, he plans interlaced snatches of Italian, French and other national thematic material to hint at their part in Albany’s progressive steps since Governor Dongan signed the charter."

Press notices concerning the concert were plentiful, with all three local newspapers reporting extensively about the program. Editorials in the Evening News and Knickerbocker Press praised the orchestra and urged public attendance: Under the heading "A Splendid Institution," the Knickerbocker Press extended "its congratulations to the Albany Symphony Orchestra, which begins its fifth year with the opening concert tonight in Chancellors Hall. From an humble beginning, with six pieces four years ago, this organization now has more than 80 excellent musicians under the distinguished leadership of Maestro John F. Carabella…" From the Evening News: The orchestra "begins its fifth year with the brightest of prospects and it can look back on its beginning…with elation in its present success and in the promise of the future." The Evening News also carried a photo of Major Warner at the piano, declaring him "Ready for Concert Tonight."

The concert was a great success. Headlines from the three major newspapers were as follows: Evening News (Nov. 30, 1935): "Crowded Audience Hears Splendid Civic Orchestra. Maestro Carabella and Symphony Group Amaze Concert-Goers with their Performance—Major Warner Featured." The Knickerbocker Press: "Symphony Bows in Fifth Season with a Triumph. Impressive Performance at Chancellors Hall Wins Enthusiastic Praise." Times Union: "Major Warner Outstanding Artist at Symphony."

From the Knickerbocker Press: "Admirable as have been previous achievements of the Albany Symphony Orchestra, the inauguration of its fifth season last night at Chancellors Hall brought it to a higher standard of achievement with a truly ambitious symphonic program….It seems to this writer that the Beethoven ‘Fifth’ was the high period of the night. Here is music amplifying the expression of the human emotions to a cosmic state. It asks of conductor and men an interpretation that will make one realize just that, and the dignity of its mental stresses was accented amply in the reading given it."

From the Times Union: "The Albany Symphony Orchestra has arrived."

While the orchestra was improving and growing in popularity with the public a new threat appeared in the context of Great Depression social policies. Professor Carabella reports in his journal on April 19^th, 1935: "Meantime the government has set aside $28 million to help professional musicians all over the country. I understand that Dr. Stanley (an important Board member, orchestra member, once a guest conductor and long-time benefactor of the orchestra) has been asked by many to build up an orchestra, which must be of 72 men who need financial support. Dr. did not tell me a thing yet, but I understand he is …trying to put together this number of musicians so they may get a share of the 28 millions; he intends to be the conductor." Such an orchestra would be required to give three free concerts each month; musicians, including the conductor would be paid $23 weekly. "I do not know why Dr. Stanley is trying to do that because it will certainly mean the breaking up of our organization. We only pay 20 professionals $5.00 for each concert…so it is quite plain that they will not remain with us….The only way I think to save everything is to have all these musicians join our organization; let the government pay them; let them perform under the direction of Dr. Stanley; and once a week spend time rehearsing with us for the three annual concerts we give….Of course it is a mighty great help to musicians who need employment but surely something can be planned which will not interfere with this good chance for musicians of Albany and at the same time save our organization from disbanding….

‘Tuesday the 20^th of August, 1935, we had a meeting. With great surprise I learned that Dr. had gone ahead and made all pressures to be the conductor of this new government orchestra. I was not pleased with the way he had done it, without a word to us and told him so when I stated that it was a piece of under handed work…. On the 27^th Dr. Stanley told me he would not interfere with our organization but rather help the government help it. We will see."

It should be noted that Maestro Carabella continued to hold Dr. Stanley in the highest regard, despite the above-mentioned tempest, and Dr. Stanley remained a prime benefactor of the orchestra during the Carabella era.

Press Reports Relative to Concert Presented on February 26, 1936

The Times Union carried a feature story about Helen Jeffrey, the scheduled violin soloist, in its edition of Sunday, February 2, 1936. The article noted "the name Helen Jeffrey, violinist, stands high as one of the few recognized concert artists born, raised and entirely trained in America." She was in fact born and grew up in Albany. "…Through her frequent appearances at Carnegie and Town Hall, admiration for her outstanding virtuoso qualities of technique and tone, and recognition of her sterling musical worth, have been expressed in no uncertain terms by the leading critics. She has been called the ‘Brunhilde of the Bow…."

In another article, published on February 23, Times Union critic Edgar S. Van Olinda compared the experiences of the Cleveland Symphony Orchestra (which had recently played in Albany) to that of its five year old counterpart in Albany. Speaking with the Cleveland Orchestra’s "energetic young manager" Carl Vosburg, Van Olinda reported: "About 10 years ago the public-spirited men and women of Cleveland inaugurated a drive for a permanent endowment and as a result…a fund of three million dollars was created in four months time. John L. Severance…donated, in memory of his wife, the magnificent building which now houses the Cleveland Orchestra and bears the name Severance Hall….The point I wish to emphasize is that…" in proportion to the populations of both cities, " the staggering amount of about three hundred thousand dollars would have to be raised in this city for a similar fund…Albany now has a fine symphony orchestra of about 80 members and under the able direction of Prof. John Carabella will demonstrate the high quality of its work Tuesday evening at Chancellors Hall…."

And so it did, Critic William H. Haskell reported in the Knickerbocker Press on Wednesday, February 26, 1936: "Albany Symphony Orchestra Brilliant in Second Concert." Haskell noted that the orchestra "once more impressed music lovers with the scope of its achievements…There were moments of brilliance; there were others of a steady musical glow, if not of brilliance, and very few where the musical light was dimmed to any extent."

 The Times Union observed that the orchestra " delighted a large audience and again proved that Albany has a symphonic group that ranks with many of the better orchestra's of the country."

The Evening Press announced "Albany Symphony Scores in Ambitious Concert Program—Music Lovers Gratified as Professor Carabella Conducts 5-Year Old Organization Through Difficult Works at Chancellors Hall."

Helen Jeffrey received high praise all around, including from the Times Union which declared: "The soloist, Helen Jeffrey, violinist, born in Albany, but a citizen of the world of music, made a most auspicious appearance…and only strengthened her national reputation as an artist of the highest standing."

Maestro Carabella’s Recollections

There are no relevant diary entries during this period.

May 26, 1936, Third Concert of the Albany Symphony Orchestra Presented at Chancellor’s Hall; 250^th anniversary of Dongan Charter. The soloist was "the brilliant young pianist, Irene Gedney" who performed Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue.

Program

Carabella, Albany, Tone Poem
J. Albert Jeffries, Hymn, Ancient of Days
Edward McDowell, Scherzo from Sonata Tragica
Gershwin, Rhapsody in Blue
Dvorak, Symphony from the New World

Press Reports Relative to Concert Presented on May 26, 1936

The press devoted considerable attention to the Albany Tone Poem that Maestro Carabella was preparing for the Spring concert celebrating the 250^th anniversary of the City charter. On April 19, 1936, the Knickerbocker Press presented a feature story entitled "Carabella Tone Poem Praised—Renowned Italian Music Masters Hail Work of Albany Man." The story reported: "Confident that he has written a genuine work of art in the tone poem ‘Albany’…John F. Carabella has forwarded completed copies of the composition to Italy’s most renowned composers and conductors," including his teacher Mascagni, Serafin, De Fabritis, De Sabata and Molinari of the Royal Theater in Rome." All responded with praise, best wishes and suggestions. Inscribed photos of Mascagni and Bernardino Molinari, conductor of the Royal Theater in Rome, accompanied the article.

Concerning the same subject, the Knickerbocker Press reported a story told by Professor Carabella about Mascagni, whom he often referred to as a jester: "All of us who were pupils of Mascagni had free entrance to all final rehearsals of concerts and operas in every Roman theater. One night in the famous Augustine Hall, where Mengelberg, Strauss and many others rose to fame as conductors, Mascagni was rehearsing an orchestra when a black 'something' dropped into the midst of the organization. In the hall’s semi-darkness there was a startled moment of silence before it was discovered the ‘something’ was a black cat that had jumped from the top of a piece of scenery. After the commotion, Mascagni jesting remarked, ‘I never could believe one lone cat could scare so many dogs.’ The point, of course, is lost until I explain that in Italian a dog is a poor player. Everyone laughed and the rehearsal proceeded."

Reviews of the concert included Ray A. Mowers’ notes in the Evening News of May 27, 1936: "Albany Musicians Win High Praise in Final Program; Irene Gedney Wins Ovation." Mowers goes on: "Miss Irene Gedney (was) at the piano in a decidedly expert performance of George Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue, a type of music with which Maestro Carabella is known to quarrel violently. The fact did not prevent him giving it a careful and definite attention last night from the podium." Rhapsody in Blue was first presented in 1924, commissioned by Paul Whiteman, as an experiment in modern music, combining classical and jazz motifs.

About the Tone Poem, Albany, William H. Haskell wrote in the Knickerbocker Press that it is "richly scored and, without being especially dramatic, does suggest the mystic quality of the Red Man, the vision of the explorer and the devout emotions of men who have found a new land. It was conducted and played with fine spirit and the old city is fortunate to have as eloquent a tone painter as Professor Carabella."

Maestro Carabella’s Recollections Relevant to Concert Presented on May 26, 1936 and Related Matters

During this period, the diaries were devoted to struggles associated with writing the Tone Poem, but also included his pleasure derived from communications with the Italian "masters." He confessed that his obsession with completing the tone poem caused him to neglect other responsibilities, including postponing projects and delaying teaching assignments that earned him his living. He said his obsession reminded him of another funny story about Mascagni: "I perfectly understand what Mascagni told me once and which artistic people think funny. He was once a juror and in the course of a trial he started whistling and scribbling notes on paper. The judge asked him to stop and he answered that he could not stop and demanded to be left alone. So they promptly discharged him from the jury."

November 24, 1936, Fourth ASO Concert Presented at Philip Livingston Junior High School. Ninety Four (94) musicians performed. Stanley Hummel, Albany native, was soloist.

Program

Tchaikovsky, Piano Concerto
Carabella, Irish Festival Overture
Charier, Rhapsody Espana
Weber, Overture to Der Freichatz
Wagner, Prelude, Act 1, Lohengrin
J. Albert Jeffries, Hymn, Ancient of Days

Press Reports Relative to Concert Presented on November 24, 1936

On August 9, 1936, the Knickerbocker Press reported on plans for the 1937 season. Someone with "Celtic blood in his veins" had complained that last season’s tone poem, Albany, failed to reflect the Irish contributions to the city’s history. In response, Carabella began work on his Irish Festival Overture: "and through it with endless invention and genius are woven the well-known songs of Ireland in thrilling, powerful, telling counterpoint. St. Patrick’s Day in the Morning, the Minstrel Boy, Killarney, Come Back to Erin and other music of the Emerald Island."

In October, the Times Union announced the Symphony’s first major fund raising campaign to raise $5,000 for the next concert series. This event marked the emergence of Mr. Laurence McKinney, president of the Board, who was to become the major force in the orchestra’s evolution for years to come. The article included an appeal from then governor Herbert Lehman who praised the orchestra and its conductor for its "splendid program (that has) served as an inspiration to music lovers." It is also worthy of note that on November 15, 1936, the Times Union reported: "The two executive branches of the Albany Symphony Orchestra are functioning at top speed for the first concert on November 24, at the Philip Livingston High School. The artistic side in the competent hands of John F. Carabella…is rapidly raising artistic proportions…..The very necessary financial success under the direction of President Laurence McKinney and his corps of women assistants is practically assured."

The Times Union’s editorial page dated November 7, 1936 urged its readers to "Support Albany’s Own Orchestra….The group is non-profiting and presents the best in symphonic literature at a fraction of the cost of that obtained in other cities. A membership in the Albany Symphony Orchestra is an indication of the holder to be identified with the best that the city has to offer in a culture nature."

On November 22, 1936, the Times Union announced: "The soloist of the evening (Nov. 24) will be Stanley Hummel, outstanding Albany virtuoso of the piano who will play the Tchaikovsky Concerto…"

The reviews were mixed. The Evening News Reported, on November 25, 1936: "Record Audience Acclaims Albany Symphony’s Concert—Initial Appearance of New Season Reveals Enormous Artistic Advance Achieved by Maestro Carabella and Men….It was anticipated that Stanley Hummel…would again prove his genius….However …the soloist and orchestra went beyond expectations…Their rendition of Tchaikovsky’s First concerto for piano and orchestra emphasized the growing musical stature of both and provided the program’s undeniable apex."

Knickerbocker Press critic C.R. Roseberry felt that the program "leaned to the entertaining, rather than the intellectual side of music….The orchestra…is definitely on the upgrade as a painstakingly coached, though not brilliantly inspired musical mechanism. Mr. Carabella did not aim too high last night in his choice of program material, and consequently the orchestra was not straining to play over its head. A new composition of Mr. Carabella, called ‘The Irish Festival Overture’ was presented without creating any profound impression. It is essentially a novelty medley of Irish airs, interlarded with minor chromatics." With Mr. Roseberry’s column we have the first public expression of disappointment in the orchestra and its leader. Until now, despite whatever flaws existed in the orchestra and its conductor, all commentary was offered within a positive, usually glowing, framework.

Disagreeing with Mr. Roseberry’s critique, Times Union critic Edgar S. Van Olinda reported, under the heading Hummel Soloist at Brilliant Symphony Opening-- Before the largest audience in its six years of musical growth, the Albany Symphonic Orchestra opened its winter season in a blaze of glory last evening….A program that was well within the scope of its possibilities and built up to the splendid climax of the Espana Rhapsodie, with its difficult cross rhythms was enthusiastically applauded by a discriminating audience…Through the moral and financial support of an audience such as turned out last evening, the Albany Symphony Orchestra should take its place among the leading orchestras of the country, and add to the musical renown of the city of its inception"

Maestro Carabella’s Recollections Relative to Compensation and Criticism

"The season 1936-1937 seems to start with more promising. Last night, September 10, 1936, we had a meeting in Mr. McKinney’s home. They have decided to give me $100. for each concert I conduct, to defray expenses. Well, this is better than to have to dig in my own pocket as I have done for the past five years."

About the reviews, Maestro Carabella had the following comment: "So far I have pasted down all the compliments, but there was a guy in the Knickerbocker Press who roasted us the morning following the concert….I like criticism but when a critic calls my ‘Irish Festival Overture’ a medley I can not put too much faith in whatever he may say about music."

Albany Symphony Orchestra Activities in the Year 1937

February 23, 1937, Fifth Concert of the Albany Symphony Performed at Philip Livingston Junior High School. The press now describes the orchestra as "large." The soloist was Miss Marvel Biddle, "star soprano of the Julliard Institute,"  Knickerbocker Press, February 14, 1937.

Program

Beethoven, Symphony # 7
Massenet, Phedre Overture
Tchaikovsky, Three Movements from the Nutcracker
Ippolitov-Ivanov, Caucasian Sketches
Gounod, Jewel Song from Faust
Glazounov, Primavera d’Or
Leoncavallo, Music from Cavalleria Rusticana
Oleg Speaks, Morning
Kountz, Sleigh

Press Reports Relative to Concert Presented on February 23, 1937

During January and February the local press carried several articles about the next performance, February 23, featuring a young American soprano named Marvel Biddle. Highlighting the program was the orchestra’s planned performance of the Beethoven Symphony No. 7. On February 7, 1937, one paper (not identified) reported that the "brass and woodwind choirs of the Albany Symphony Orchestra have been notably strengthened by Concert Master Joseph Klein" for the presentation of Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony. Shortly before the concert, on February 21, the Knickerbocker Press extolled the virtues of the soloist, Marvel Biddle: "Clear, warm tone, absolute pitch and attractive personally, this combination is encompassed, so ‘tis said, in the small body of Marvel Biddle, youthful operatic and concert soprano who comes Tuesday to sing with the Albany Symphony Orchestra." On the day before the concert, the Evening Press noted that "The Conductor, John F. Carabella, has brought the huge organization up as closely to perfection as possible—approaching that goal much nearer than ever before in the organization’s history, according to competent judges who have heard the final rehearsals."

Next day, the critics were well pleased with the performance. From the Evening News, February 24, 1937: "Orchestra Offers Rare Treat in Best Symphonic Tradition—Albany Applauds Musicianship of Maestro Carabella’s Group and Miss Marvel Biddle…." Critic Ray A. Mowers wrote: "No longer is there the slightest impulse to condone flaws or search for the least embarrassing phrases with which to point out or gloss over faults when the Albany Symphony Orchestra plays. Those flaws and faults of the past are gone….Massanet’s ‘Phedre’ overture, Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony, part of Tchaikovsky’s ‘Nutcracker Suite’ and two of Ippolitov-Ivanov’s ‘Caucasian Sketches’ were accorded colorful, sensitive readings….Miss Biddle’s selection of Glazounov’s ‘La Primavera d’Or’…was not only her best performance of the evening, but it contributed, intrinsically, a song of rare lyric virtues that is rarely heard and that added measurably to a program already filling the auditor’s cup of pleasure to overflowing."

The Times Union critic, Edgar S. Van Olinda, announced: "Albany Symphony Heard in Brilliant Concert…..The program was well conceived, excellently played and greatly appreciated by a large audience….Mr. Carabella gave a splendid reading of this great work (Beethoven’s 7^th)….It seemed to the reviewer that the brasses were more accurate, the woodwinds more fluent and the strings, always the strength of this orchestra, more strongly entrenched."

C.R. Roseberry, critic of the Knickerbocker Press, offered considerable praise but also complained. He says, initially: "The crescendo of musical excellence which has overtaken the Albany Symphony Orchestra, demonstrated at last night’s concert…gives positive encouragement to music circles hopeful of developing a worthy orchestra locally." Later, he writes: "The direction of John F. Carabella was as solid as always with a literal and conscientious reading of the score. He remains, however, the inexorable beater of time. One would like to see more imaginative interpretation, more versatility in his method. But the fact remains that he has developed Albany’s nearest approach to a symphonic orchestra of its own, and put it on the a very substantial footing." About the Beethoven Seventh, he wrote: "though admittedly a strain on the capabilities of an immature ensemble, (the 7^th) was acceptably rendered, considering the limitations. Especially vivid were the exuberant dance themes of the third and fourth movements. The famous second movement—the allegretto, with its deep, fateful rhythm—was not fully realized; the underlying pulse did not seem sufficiently sustained."

Maestro Carabella’s Recollections Relative to Concert Performed on February 23, 1937

The diaries contain no reflections on this concert. However, shortly after the performance the Times Union carried an "op ed" piece by Maestro Carabella entitled: "My Idea Is This: A Music Hall for Albany." In the piece, the conductor briefly refers to the ASO’s rapid development and public acceptance, referring to the orchestra than as "a little giant, gradually and steadily conquering the summits of the Kingdom of Arts." He proceeds to exhort the public to "provide a suitable music hall: Let us not forget that arts have always been the seed from which have sprung the luxuriant trees of past civilizations and that Albany, in the historical, political and business life, is not complete without one. Here are some suggestions for a proper music hall:

"…an auditorium from 1,000—1,400 capacity, accomplished by means of moveable partitions…

The stage should seat at least 200, orchestra and chorus

Acoustics should be perfect with loud speaker hook up

It should have space for an organ

It should have dressing and smoking rooms for orchestra and soloists and room for storage

Such a hall need not be on a ground floor….It could be utilized for public meetings and call for a fair rental. Non-profit organizations like the Albany Symphony should secure it at minimum cost."

May 25, 1937, Sixth ASO Concert Presented at Philip Livingston Junior High School.  The Soloist was Margaret DeGraff Herron, Harpist, who performed the Harp Concerto by Gabriel Pierne 

Program

Liszt, Symphonic Poem No. 3
Smetana, Overture to the Bartered Bride
Carabella, First Movement of a Symphony Dedicated to Mrs. Laurence McKinney
Gabriel Pierne, Harp Concerto
Mendelssohn, Overture to Ruy Blas
Coleridge Taylor, Hiawatha

Press Reports Relative to Concert Presented on May 25, 1937

Brief press notices appeared in May, shortly before the final concert of the season. The Knickerbocker Press observed, on May 19, 1937: "The weekly rehearsals at the Albany Institute of History and Art are beginning to show splendid results and it is expected that one of the best programs of the organization’s history will be presented at that time….Mr. Carabella’s latest symphonic composition, ‘Andante Romantic,’ will have its first public hearing at the concert." This composition is dedicated to Mrs. Alice McKinney, wife of the orchestra president."

In its preview of the concert, dated May 23, 1937, the Times Union noted that "Critics and music lovers alike have remarked on the development of the orchestra under the conductorship of Professor Carabella and accorded sincere respect to the efforts of the concert master, Joseph T. Klein. This cooperation and interest in the development of symphonic music has resulted in an increasing attendance at each concert and on May 25^th unquestionably all musical roads will lead to Philip Livingston High School."

Critic C. R. Roseberry of the Knickerbocker Press, who had been critical of the conductor in the previous concert, was now exuberant in his review on May 26. His heading reported: "Performance Called ‘Triumphant Fruition of Long, Painstaking Work’….The crowd that filed out of Philip Livingston High School late last night was surcharged with a note of optimism for Albany’s musical future. The concert they had just heard…served notice that the city has finally given birth to an orchestra worthy to represent it. Terminating its sixth season, Professor John F. Carabella led his musicians in a triumphant fruition of long, painstaking work against discouraging odds. The concert, marked by an authority of rendition which was frequently close to professional quality, was by far the best performance ever given by the group…"

In the Times Union, Edgar S. Van Olinda reported: "The Albany Symphony orchestra has definitely arrived. Last night’s concert…proved…that we have in Albany a symphony orchestra that deserves the support of the civic minded citizenry which can visualize the cultural advantages that a first rate orchestra means to a city….A new orchestra was on the stage, with new hopes and ambitions, and the result justified the ideals which have been held by a small but persevering group of Albany men and women who felt that our city could and should have the best in symphonic music. Their vision has become a concrete reality….Mr. Carabella shares with Schubert the distinction of composing an ‘unfinished’ symphony. The orchestra played last evening the andante movement from Mr. Carabella’s latest creation, ‘The Romantic Symphony.’ The pre-view was so satisfying that the completed work will be looked forward to in a subsequent performance. It is structurally sound, well orchestrated and has the germ of much melodic beauty."

Reviewer Ray A. Mowers, reporting in the Albany Evening Press declared: "Albany Symphony Orchestra Gives Most Inspired Program—Small Audience Sees Music Group Which Has Attained Near Perfection Under Carabella." Mowers continues: "Gone, apparently forever, are the faults and flaws which have marked its past. No longer does Carabella temper his tempos to meet faltering technique. In their stead has come poise, assurance, excellent pitch, fine drawn pianissimo, sturdy, forceful fortissimo and, over all, a confident musicianship that approaches the professional plane…Albany today can say proudly it has a symphonic organization which can appear on any concert stage anywhere and reflect glory on the culture of the city and its people…"

On May 31, 1937, the Times Union devoted a piece to Mr. Laurence McKinney, president of the orchestra, and Ernest F. Rumpf, executive vice president. The heading is: "Two Business Men Helped Orchestra….The concert last week by the Albany Symphony Orchestra may be said to be merged, lengthened shadows of two prominent Albany business men….Mr. McKinney and Mr. Rumpf are striking examples of the axiom ‘it you want a job well done, give it to a busy man." One can begin to discern a developing momentum recognizing the important contributions of the "business" side of the orchestra’s life and away from the artistic side. Note that although the conductor and the orchestra continue to win praise, "management" is emerging as a force destined to effect dramatic changes in two short years from the date of this "most inspired" concert.

Maestro Carabella’s Recollections Relative to Concert Presented on May 25, 1937

Soon after the spring concert, on May 30, 1937, the Times Union carried a feature article that reflected Maestro Carabella’s thoughts about the orchestra. Under the heading: "Orchestra Wins Added Praise," the article reported that "Praise bestowed by critics on Tuesday night’s concert…continues to pour in upon the personnel from every side. The latest declaration comes from Maestro John F. Carabella, founder and conductor of the orchestra, which he has now piloted to what appears to be permanently safe ground through six seasons among the reefs and shoals which threatened destruction. ‘I feel that public recognition should be given the members of this organization….No one better than myself knows what a great work they have done in bringing the city of Albany artistically higher and higher nearing every year the level of the city’s other glories. Very few have understood, outside of my players, the necessity for this ideal in a city like own and fewer still have worked as hard as they have done to make it a reality. Six years of hard work and bitter disappointment have never shaken their faith in the ultimate success of their titanic efforts….With adequate civic help that will come…we may see this orchestra rise to a place of honor close to the top among organizations of its kind in America.’"

November 10, 1937, Seventh Concert, at Philip Livingston Junior High School. Mischa Levitsky, pianist, was soloist.

Program

Beethoven, Egmont Overture
Tchaikovsky, Symphony # 6
Grieg, Two melodies
Liszt, Concerto in E Flat
Liszt, Campanella
Glier, Sailor’s Dance from Red Poppy Ballet

Press Reports Relative to Concert Presented on November 10, 1937

Reviews from the Times Union and Knickerbocker News continued praise of the orchestra and were especially impressed with Mischa Levitsky's performance of Liszt. Levitsky was, of course, a great musician with an international reputation—and now considered one of the great performers of the 20^th century.

Edgar S. Van Olinda reported in the Times Union on November 10, 1937: "Now in its seventh season, the orchestra has continued a steady, healthy growth, presenting the best in symphonic literature" to the largest audience in its history. "Mischa Levitsky, pianist par excellence…played the brilliant Liszt Piano Concerto # I in E flat with telling effect. He is possessed of a technique so perfect that one forgets the mechanics in the enjoyment of the finished product."

The Knickerbocker Press reported that for the first time the orchestra’s performance was broadcast on local radio. "Mischa Levitsky, the guest soloist lived up to his reputation fully. This review praised the orchestra but was mostly about the writer’s pleasant experience in the radio control booth and his praise for the "engineers who make such broadcasts…possible." The concert was broadcast by WABY.

C.R. Roseberry, perhaps the most demanding local press commentator, was duly impressed this time: "Mischa Levitsky held a yardstick up to the Albany Symphony Orchestra last night and it met the measure successfully. An orchestra which can pass the test of supporting a great pianist in an exacting concerto is definitely beyond the experimental stage….The playing of the Liszt Concerto was a triumph of unassuming virtuosity for the pianist and the orchestral coordination was with few exceptions, smooth and tactful….His rendition of the concerto, as well as ‘La Campanella’ with which he responded to tempestuous applause, was accomplished with effortless ease and perfection of tone and touch."

Maestro Carabella’s diaries are silent about this concert.

Albany Symphony Orchestra Activities in the Year 1938

February 8, 1938. Eighth Concert given at Philip Livingston Junior High School. Guila Bustabo, violinist, was soloist.

Program

Beethoven, Symphony # 8
Mozart, Music from Don Giovanni
Borodin, Polevetsian Dances
Mendelssohn, Violin Concerto
Granados, Intermezzo, Goyescas
Lizst, Liebestrum, Victor Herbert arrangement

Press Reports Relative to February 8, 1938 Concert

It is at this time that one can discern a significant conflict developing between management (Mr. Mc Kinney) and musical direction (Mr. Carabella). Details of the troublesome developments are included in this chronology because the results significantly influenced ASO history.  Unfortunately not much information is available to cast light on the attitude of management and whoever else may have been adverse to Maestro Carabella. The only expressions extent are those of Mr. Carabella and of the Knickerbocker Press critic Mr. C.R. Roseberry. What follows, then, is presented as part of the historical record and is not intended to judge either the position of management or that of the music director. What is clear, however, from the historical record presented throughout this chronology is:

	The Albany Symphony Orchestra developed rapidly under Professor Carabella’s direction from a group of 6 in 1931 to a large orchestra (only a few years later) capable of playing symphonies by the great masters and supporting world-class soloists;
	Critics and the public were progressively more enthusiastic about ASO performances, notwithstanding some notable criticisms along the way. More than 1,000 people attended the February 8, 1938, concert that was generally accorded high praise, especially for the performance of the soloist, Guila Bustabo, who received the greatest ovation in ASO history until that time, according to the press.

The first press notice appeared on Sunday, February 6, 1938, in the Times Union. Reporter Edgar S. Van Olinda reported that the "brilliant young American violinist" Guila Bustabo (18 years old) would be soloist performing the Mendelssohn Concerto in E Minor. Taught by Louis Persinger, "teacher of numerous gifted child violinists, including Yehudi Menuhin," Ms. Bustabo had just returned from a three year concert tour in Europe where she performed to great acclaim with the London Symphony, Amsterdam Concertgebouw (under Willem Mengelberg), London Philharmonic and Berlin Philharmonic (under Sir Thomas Beecham).

 On February 8, the Times Union carried a photo of Ms. Bustabo arriving at Union Station in Albany, carrying her violin, and being greeted by Laurence McKinney and Ernest V. Rumpf, the prominent business leaders who had created the orchestra’s management structure and financial base. The conductor was not in the picture, nor mentioned in the article.

The Knickerbocker News carried an interesting feature article entitled: "Girl to Play Nazi-Banned Concerto" (February 8). Probably written by C.R. Roseberry, the  article includes some fascinating personal and historical information: "Guila Bustabo, the phenomenal girl violinist, will play a concerto for Albany tonight which she was not permitted to use during her recent triumphal tour of Germany. The concerto… was taboo in the concert halls of the Reich because it was written by Felix Mendelssohn,…a Jew. ‘No, I didn’t argue with them about it,’ the girlish artist said…I knew it was useless because Jewish music isn’t allowed by the Nazis. Every city I went to picked out the program in advance, and I played what they wanted. They all requested German music—Mozart, Beethoven and Brahms’." About her violin: "The instrument Miss Bustabo uses tonight…is an extremely valuable Guarnerius del Jesu, dated 1736. At her first European concert in London, it was loaned to her by its previous owner, Baroness Rayensdale. Miss Bustabo was so pleased with it that the Baroness quite unexpectedly made her a present of the instrument."

Mr. Van Olinda’s review reported that he was gratified "to record continued progress for the Albany Symphony Orchestra,…whose mid-winter concert delighted a capacity audience last night….The Beethoven Eighth Symphony was the highlight of the first part of the program. Mr. Carabella’s beat was more authoritative; his effects more elastic and dynamic….With a stance of authority (Guila Bustabo, soloist) drew her bow across the strings of her Guarnerius violin and the audience was aware it was in the presence of genius."  

Mr. Roseberry’s review was rhapsodic concerning Ms. Bustabo and her performance: "Exquisitely gowned in diaphanous pink that set off the midnight mass of her hair, she made an entrancing picture before she ever touched bow to string....A bowing arm like hers is too marvelous a piece of muscular mechanism to ascribe entirely to training; it must be a gift of nature. It is not too much to say that this girl is well on her way to being the world’s foremost woman violinist." About the conductor Mr. Roseberry was less enthusiastic: "While the Albany Symphony has established itself on a basis which gives hope of permanence, and has undeniably progressed musically, it was patent last night that it needs something more. Mr. Carabella’s direction is pedagogically correct, but unimaginative."

Maestro Carabella’s Recollections Relative to Concert Presented on February 8, 1938

Herein is presented the conductor’s point of view concerning his diminished role as founder, music director, mentor, patriarch, financial supporter and all of the roles he had assumed since he conceived his symphony orchestra project seven years previously: "The concert given by my orchestra on the night of February 8, 1938, with the ultra gifted Miss Guila Bustabo, was the best we ever gave, as the Times Union attests and over a thousand people in the audience voiced.

‘From last year I have noticed a pronounced change in our President toward me. When he started to help us he promised he would not interfere with our musical aims, but only help us financially….Recently when Dr. Stanley asked him to O.K. a past due check owed me he answered; ‘give it to him if there is anything left.’ I used to attribute this lack of graciousness on his part to the difficulties in carrying on in helping our cause until someone told me that he could prove to me that our President discussed replacing me with a gentleman from New York during a recent luncheon meeting." The founder and conductor expressed outrage at this perceived "ingratitude," and noted that "this year my name has not appeared on any tickets, programs and bill-posters….And, as I could not be attacked as a poor musician, they started to spread the idea that my conducting was stiff and not graceful. But if our President knows anything about the making of an orchestra he would know the reason why. When Toscanini gracefully moves a finger and the players do not follow the meaning of that slight movement, he fires them and hires new ones who can follow, understand and interpret the slightest motion he makes.  But when a conductor is building up an orchestra which is not yet free of rough material he is a lucky one if he can perform without the help of a gun...."

May 3, 1938. Nineth Concert of the Albany Symphony Orchestra given at Philip Livingston Junior High School. Helen Traubel, American soprano, was soloist. Ninety plus (90+) musicians performed.

Program

Von Weber, Oberon Overture
Massenet, Il Est Deux
Tchaikovsky, Adieux Forets
Wagner, Music from Lohengrin
Mozart, Symphony in G Minor
Saint-Seans, Suite Algerienne
Mussorgsky, Night on Bald Mountain

Press Reports Relative to Concert Performed on May 3, 1938

Helen Traubel was the primary subject of press clips.  She was well known among music lovers with a new success at the Metropolitan Opera House and with frequent appearances with the popular NBC classical programs series. She was also performing frequently with major American orchestras. Born and educated in St. Luis, Ms. Trauble was portrayed in the Knickerbocker News not unlike 'the girl next door': Metropolitan Opera singers usually impress the general public as artists who live in a world by themselves, speak a language of their own, spend hours singing and speak with an accent. Not so, Helen Traubel, American soprano who sings tonight with the Albany Symphony Orchestra….She’s a regular person: sings only two hours a day, gives her voice one day’s rest each week, likes to walk, hikes with an easy stride, laughs easily, likes to look at old buildings and has the joy of living in her voice." Among other charming anecdotes about her, it was reported that "she’s an air travel enthusiast….listens to records of the opera, hopes to own a record player if she can find one built for direct current, and studies stories of composers and operas for her own enjoyment." Miss Traubel also admitted to great fondness for Albany: "It’s an amazingly beautiful metropolis. I think the high school where we appear tonight is one of the most beautiful buildings I’ve ever seen. I noticed last night after rehearsal, the city lies in a sweeping panorama before it—like a dream city housing half a million persons."

The Times Union on May 3, 1938 carried a photograph of Miss Traubel being greeted by Laurence McKinney upon her arrival at Union Station.

Reviewing the concert, C.R. Roseberry declared, on May 4, 1938: "Orchestra, with Soprano as Guest, Gives Best Performance. The Albany Symphony Orchestra ended another season on the upbeat last night, demonstrating in a decidedly well played program that the Capital City of Empire State is on the way to having a high-grade orchestra worthy to represent it….Miss Traubel displayed a voice of magnificent volume and quality, thrilling in its power…." At intermission, Mr. Roseberry reported, "Mr. McKinney gave an advance hint that the orchestra may experiment with a guest conductor at some future concert, saying Maestro Carabella has accepted an invitation to conduct a concert with the Schenectady Symphony."

Edgar S. Van Olinda reported that the concert "was one of the best in the history of the organization….The Oberon overture opened the program and the familiar melodies were brought out clearly by Mr. Carabella. An improved horn section gave a good account of itself. The sparkling symphony No. 40 in G Minor by Mozart was given a spirited performance while the Suite ‘Algerienne’ of Saint-Seans, from the point of perfection, proved one of the highlights of the evening. Mussorgsky’s bizarre ‘A Night on Bald Mountain’ brought the orchestra numbers to a successful close." Miss Traubel’s "voice is round and full and one of quality from top to bottom, her high notes ringing out with clarion power….During the intermission, Laurence McKinney, the president, asked for the very necessary support of the Albany public for the coming season, promising even greater achievements for next year."

Maestro Carabella’s Recollections

"Our seventh season is ended and ended well.... They are trying to awaken more interest in raising money by bringing in a guest conductor. Some of my friends doubt that this is the reason for the guest conductor. I am trying to start classes of composition and forms, from rhythm up to the last symphonic forms. I think this is what is needed to create perfect symphony players and a knowledgeable audience, not guest conductors just at the present time...Best wishes for a new season!"

November 23, 1938. Tenth Concert Presented by the Albany Symphony Orchestra at Philip Livingston Junior High School. Harold Bauer, pianist, was soloist.

Program

Schumann, Manfred Overture
Hayden, Oxford Symphony
Brahms, Hungarian Dance No. 1
Beethoven, Piano Concerto No. 5, The Emperor

Press Reports Relative to Concert Presented on November 23, 1938

As he indicated at the previous concert, ASO President McKinney announced on September 17, 1938, that the orchestra will soon have its first guest conductor. The Knickerbocker News reported that "Rudolph Thomas of the music faculty at Columbia University…has been chosen for the honor and will preside at the second concert, February 7, 1939. This announcement solidified Mr. Mc Kinney’s position as orchestra potentate, replacing the conductor who had been the subject of most press coverage in the past. To further highlight the significant shift in status between the artistic and management directors, Mr. Van Olinda wrote a feature article on November 13, 1938, in which he praised the orchestra, introduced the soloist and declared: "Laurence McKinney and his board of directors have worked unremittingly to give the city a first class orchestra and their labors have been crowned with success." There was no mention of the founder and conductor by Mr. Van Olinda.

The guest soloist for the November concert, Harold Bauer, received most of the attention leading to the performance. Bauer was well known to concert-goers at that time. He was described by Edgar S. Van Olinda in the Times Union: "The assisting artist will be Harold Bauer, master pianist. Mr. Bauer has played with all the major symphony orchestras of Europe and America, and is considered among the top-flight pianists of the world." The Knickerbocker Press reported on November 12, 1938: Harold Bauer, one of the great piano virtuosos of the generation, will appear in concert performance with the Albany Symphony Orchestra in its opening concert of the season…."

The Knickerbocker Press later reported, November 19, that the high local enthusiasm for the ASO’s November concert is "due partly to the continued improvement of the orchestra under the baton of John Carabella and partly to the guest artist…the eminent pianist," Harold Bauer.

Not completely forgotten, the conductor appeared in a marvelous sketch by the artist Jerry Costello in his Knickerbocker News column—The Weekly News Theater-- dated October 1, 1938: "Prof. John Carabella Conductor of the Albany Symphony Orchestra which opened appeal for funds this week for its winter season concerts and for improved orchestra equipment."

 The concert received high praise. C.R. Roseberry wrote, on November 24, 1938: "A superlatively beautiful realization of Beethoven’s art…(the Emperor Concerto) played at the pianoforte by Harold Bauer, marked a new stepping stone in the progress of the Albany Symphony Orchestra…Certainly the Albany Symphony has never given a guest artist more gratifying support than it accorded Mr. Bauer last night…The ‘arrival’ of this orchestra as the spearhead of musical advance in Albany was manifest in the crowded auditorium which greeted the first concert of the new season, and in the warm reception given to Conductor John Carabella and the musicians with whom he has wrought so painstakingly."

Van Olinda reported "the consensus last night by the intermission lobby jury that the first concert of the eighth season by the Albany Symphony Orchestra was an unqualified success…. Opening the concert with the overture to ‘Manfred’ by Robert Schumann, the improvement of the orchestra’s work was quickly sensed. A closer attention to the conductor’s baton resulted in a more cohesive ensemble and the wealth of beauty of tone in the large violin section was maintained throughout the evening. From the standpoint of perfection, the ‘Oxford’ Symphony by Joseph Haydn stood out securely as a superb example of the finished work of the men and women who make up the orchestra. The Brahms ‘Hungarian Dance No. 1’ displayed a new virtuosity, the difficult Gypsy rhythms being encompassed with due respect for the technicalities involved.

‘Mr. Bauer recreated the persuasive and glowingly romantic assents of the first movement, infusing a tender delicacy of sentiment in the opening measures of the second. His refinement of tone and masterful conception of the underlying mood of the composer made of the concerto a tonal tapestry which will not soon be forgotten. Special praise must be accorded the conductor and the orchestra for the splendid manner in which they collaborated with Mr. Bauer in the performance of the concerto."

Maestro Carabella’s Recollections Relative to Concert Presented on November 23, 1938

There is only one brief notation in the diary dated September 19, 1938, following announcement of the guest conductor for the following season. Carabella says that at the rehearsal held on Monday September 19, his musicians expressed support for his work and pledged their loyalty. About this he says: "Of course it pleased me to see the faithfulness of these members but I told them that there was nothing to worry about and that the guest conductor was only and experiment to see if more money could be raised for the orchestra. I hope this great conductor business will not cause troubles!"

Orchestra Activities in the Year 1939

May 2, 1939  Twelth Concert Given by the Albany Symphony Orchestra. This concert was Maestro Carabella’s farewell program. The soloist was Samuel Dushkin, violin.

Program

Carabella, Helderbergs Tone Poem
Wieniawki, Violin Concerto No. 2
Bach, Partita
Beethoven, Symphony # 2
Verdi, Overture to I Vespri Siciliani
 

Press Reports Relative to Concert Presented on May 2, 1939

On March 25, 1935, the Knickerbocker News reported: "The engagement of Rudolph Thomas as the new conductor of the Albany Symphony Orchestra was announced today simultaneously with the retirement of John F. Carabella, who founded the orchestra and conducted it up to the present time. Mr. Carabella will conduct his farewell concert on May 2…While Mr. Carabella will yield the baton to Mr. Thomas as active conductor, it is understood that his association with the orchestra will continue. The formal announcement from the symphony board of directors stated that Mr. Carabella’s status otherwise remains unchanged with the orchestra which will continue to benefit from his long experience on the podium, his wide knowledge of music, and his talent for composition….At present, Mr. Carabella is occupied with composition following the acceptance of his new ‘Visions on the Mountains’ for international short-wave broadcast by the Radio Corporation of Rome."

 A single review exists in the diaries, entitled "Carabella Farewell Honor for Composer," written by C.R. Roseberry: "Conducting his farewell concert with the Albany Symphony Orchestra last night, John F. Carabella had reason to be proud of the musical structure he had shaped and of the contribution it represents to Albany’s culture…. Guest violinist Samuel Dushkin’s playing of Wieniawski’s second violin concerto was "scintillating and vigorous….The orchestra gave its beloved ‘Professor’ a more touching tribute than words could have expressed when it played a composition of his own with enthusiasm and precision to conclude the program….Everything combined to make last night’s concert a pleasant occasion for the devoted man who founded and has nurtured this communal orchestra, and who is retiring from the podium for a well earned rest and more opportunity to compose…."

Maestro Carabella’s Reflections—Ave, Atque Vale

In a letter addressed to "Patrons of the Albany Symphony Orchestra," dated March 3, 1939, Maestro Carabella provided his valedictory remarks (Note, a copy of this letter exists in a notebook kept by Professor Carabella. There are actually several drafts that are hand written . Below is what appears to be the final draft with which I have taken some grammatical liberties for the sake of clarity. JR)

"Our President, Mr. Laurence McKinney, has disclosed to me the financial difficulties of the orchestra and suggested to let a new conductor take over for the next season (1939-1940) hoping it might boost the organization financially. I, the founder, love this organization and would feel very bad to see the hard work of many of us destroyed. For this reason I gladly agree to give a trial to the suggestion of our President…. If at the end of next season this trial would prove to be…right for the orchestra…I would resign for good." This is followed by two requests addressed to the "patrons": "The first one is that knowing your fairness I am sure you will be glad to share a little appreciation for the work I have done for the past eight years. Second, if our President’s plan should fail I would still be in position to keep the orchestra myself on a small scale for the benefit of our community’s musical education and its musicians.

Respectfully Yours,
Maestro John F. Carabella
March 3, 1939

Afterward

Maestro Carabella went on to teach and compose in and around Albany for the remainder of his life. He appeared as guest conductor of the Albany Symphony Orchestra on November 10, 1955, the concert honoring the orchestra’s 25^th anniversary. Still writing for the Times Union, Edgar S. Van Olinda wrote: "Edgar Curtis, distinguished conductor of the Albany Symphony Orchestra, placed the ‘sterling’ mark on the work of his associates before an audience of 1,000…Wednesday night….John F. Carabella, former conductor of the orchestra, returned to the podium to conduct his tone poem, ‘The Helderbergs’….first performed in 1934….The one movement musical canvas took on new beauties of melodic line and orchestration under the paternal direction of the composer-conductor as the opening opus of the program….It was the consensus of the lobby jury that the Albany Symphony Orchestra is now at the peak of its perfection during its 25 years of purveying the best in symphonic literature, creating avid interest for the years ahead."

A short time before the November 10, 1955 concert, Maestro Carabella received a short letter from the President of the Orchestra, Mr. Wayland F. Richardson; surely Mr. Richardson’s note dated October 22, 1955, made the Professor’s day:

"Dear Professor Carabella:

Enclosed are the season tickets to which you as an Honorary Patron of the Orchestra are entitled.

We will feel honored by your presence at the concerts. If when you are listening to them you are favorably impressed by the progress the orchestra has made, we hope that you will remember, as we do, that it is extremely unlikely that there would be such an orchestra in Albany today had it not been for your devoted efforts for the cause of good music in this community.

Sincerely yours,
W.F. Richardson
President

 Maestro Carabella was devoted to art. He also enjoyed his students, he published a considerable volume of music, he raised a good family, including my mother Claire Flavia Carabella Rua, he took great pleasure in his son John Carabella’s success as a member of the New York Philharmonic and he had many friends and admirers. But, lest there be any doubt, his most consuming passion was the birth, vicissitudes, triumphs and tragedies of the Albany Symphony Orchestra--with which he is pictured (left) in his final curtain call on May 2, 1939.  His diaries make clear that the Albany Symphony Orchestra was John Carabella's magnum opus.  I know he would be proud of Maestro David Alan Miller and the splendid orchestra that exists in 2005. Happy 75^th anniversary and, as, he might say, a cento anni, (to one hundred years).

                                                                                Jim Rua, September, 2005

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